{"id":9736,"date":"2024-05-15T10:22:59","date_gmt":"2024-05-15T07:22:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/equester.ro\/?p=9736"},"modified":"2024-05-22T16:02:22","modified_gmt":"2024-05-22T13:02:22","slug":"cum-se-vede-lumea-prin-ochii-cailor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/equester.ro\/en\/cum-se-vede-lumea-prin-ochii-cailor\/","title":{"rendered":"Cum se vede lumea prin ochii cailor?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Viziunea cailor este destul de diferit\u0103 de cea a oamenilor, datorit\u0103 anatomiei unice a ochilor lor \u0219i modului \u00een care sunt pozi\u021biona\u021bi ace\u0219tia \u00een zona capului. Iat\u0103 c\u00e2teva aspecte-cheie care ne ajut\u0103 s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem cum v\u0103d caii lumea din jurul lor.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Ochii cailor, dintre cei mai mari <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Caii se num\u0103r\u0103 printre mamiferele terestre care au <strong>ochii cei mai mari<\/strong>. Aceast\u0103 dimensiune mare nu doar c\u0103 le confer\u0103 <strong>un c\u00e2mp vizual larg<\/strong>, dar le asigur\u0103 \u0219i<strong> o acuitate periferic\u0103<\/strong> extrem de bun\u0103. Aceasta le este util\u0103 pentru detectarea pr\u0103d\u0103torilor sau a altor pericole din mediul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Ochii cailor au pupila orizontal\u0103<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"498\" src=\"https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ochii-cailor-curiozitati-cai.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9856\" srcset=\"https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ochii-cailor-curiozitati-cai.webp 1000w, https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ochii-cailor-curiozitati-cai-300x149.webp 300w, https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ochii-cailor-curiozitati-cai-18x9.webp 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 dimensiunea ochilor \u0219i dispunerea lor lateral\u0103, o alt\u0103 caracteristic\u0103 a cailor este <strong>pupila orizontal\u0103<\/strong>. Aceasta spore\u0219te capacitatea panoramic\u0103 a vederii cabaline. Prin compara\u021bie, animalele pr\u0103d\u0103toare dispun de <strong>o fant\u0103 vertical\u0103<\/strong> &#8211; care permite focalizarea pr\u0103zii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pentru cai, la fel ca pentru toate ierbivorele, <strong>este mai strategic s\u0103 vad\u0103 panoramic,<\/strong> fie \u0219i imprecis, dec\u00e2t s\u0103 vad\u0103 foarte clar \u0219i strict localizat,  a\u0219a cum se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 la pr\u0103d\u0103tori.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Iat\u0103 dou\u0103 imagini<\/strong> care exemplific\u0103 diferen\u021ba dintre: 1. <strong>focusarea<\/strong> <strong>central\u0103 <\/strong>&#8211; a pr\u0103d\u0103torilor (unde, trebuie s\u0103 recunoa\u0219tem, se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u0219i omul) \u0219i 2. <strong>cea periferic\u0103<\/strong> &#8211; a animalelor care sunt v\u00e2nate:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Imaginea uman\u0103 a traseului: <\/strong>omul se concentreaz\u0103 pe casa de la cap\u0103tul traseului (exist\u0103 multe alte lucruri c\u0103rora omul nu le acord\u0103 deloc aten\u021bie);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Imaginea pe care o v\u0103d caii:<\/strong> \u00een dreapta calul vede c\u0103prioara, \u00een st\u00e2nga vede pas\u0103rea, pe jos vede urmele l\u0103sate \u00een z\u0103pad\u0103, frunzele pres\u0103rate pe drum, iar ramura de copac c\u0103zut\u0103 este perceput\u0103 \u00een detaliu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a ref=\"magnificPopup\" href=\"https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Vederea-calului-articol-Equester-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"495\" src=\"https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Vederea-calului-articol-Equester-1024x495.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9819\" srcset=\"https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Vederea-calului-articol-Equester-1024x495.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Vederea-calului-articol-Equester-300x145.jpg 300w, https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Vederea-calului-articol-Equester-1536x742.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Vederea-calului-articol-Equester-2048x989.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Vederea-calului-articol-Equester-18x9.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. C\u00e2mpul vizual larg<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"562\" src=\"https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Vederea-calului-schita-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9849\" srcset=\"https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Vederea-calului-schita-1.webp 450w, https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Vederea-calului-schita-1-240x300.webp 240w, https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Vederea-calului-schita-1-10x12.webp 10w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Datorit\u0103 pozi\u021bion\u0103rii laterale a ochilor, caii au un c\u00e2mp vizual larg, <strong>de aproximativ 350 de grade<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Acest lucru \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 <strong>pot vedea aproape totul \u00een jurul lor,<\/strong> <strong>cu excep\u021bia a dou\u0103 mici &#8220;unghiuri moarte<\/strong>&#8220;. Acestea sunt situate imediat \u00een fa\u021ba botului \u0219i \u00een spatele corpului. Totu\u0219i, prin mi\u0219carea capului \u0219i g\u00e2tului, unghiul orb se schimb\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aceast\u0103 capacitate aproape circular\u0103 de a supraveghea un c\u00e2mp permite calului s\u0103 identifice un eventual inamic sau orice stimul de alert\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Viziunea binocular\u0103 vs. monocular\u0103<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"539\" src=\"https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ochii-cailor-Clubul-sportiv-Equester-1024x539.jpg\" alt=\"Ochii cailor - Clubul sportiv Equester\" class=\"wp-image-9760\" srcset=\"https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ochii-cailor-Clubul-sportiv-Equester-1024x539.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ochii-cailor-Clubul-sportiv-Equester-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ochii-cailor-Clubul-sportiv-Equester-1536x808.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ochii-cailor-Clubul-sportiv-Equester-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ochii-cailor-Clubul-sportiv-Equester.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ochii cailor &#8211; Clubul sportiv Equester<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Caii pot folosi at\u00e2t viziunea <strong>binocular\u0103<\/strong> (folosind ambii ochi pentru a vedea \u00een fa\u021ba capului), c\u00e2t \u0219i cea <strong>monocular\u0103<\/strong> (folosind fiecare ochi separat pentru a vedea lateral).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Viziunea binocular\u0103<\/strong> \u00eei ajut\u0103 s\u0103 estimeze distan\u021ba atunci c\u00e2nd sar obstacole sau c\u00e2nd se apropie de un obiect direct \u00een fa\u021b\u0103. <strong>Viziunea monocular\u0103<\/strong> \u00eei permite s\u0103 monitorizeze mediul din lateral, \u00een timp ce se mi\u0219c\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Calul percepe <strong>mediul din dreapta \u0219i din st\u00e2nga<\/strong> \u00eentr-o manier\u0103 <strong>bi-dimensional\u0103 (2D)<\/strong> \u0219i <strong>nu foarte clar<\/strong> (\u00een func\u021bie de distan\u021b\u0103). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Acest lucru este diferit de c\u00e2mpul vizual pe care \u00eel are <strong>\u00een fa\u021ba ambilor ochi<\/strong>. Aici imaginea se suprapune \u0219i se creeaz\u0103 o<strong> percep\u021bie spa\u021bial\u0103 3D<\/strong> (la fel ca la oameni). <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Aceasta este zona \u00een care caii v\u0103d \u0219i se concentreaz\u0103 cel mai bine<\/span>.<\/strong> Probabil a\u021bi v\u0103zut cum un cal care fuge se opre\u0219te la o distan\u021b\u0103 sigur\u0103, se \u00eentoarce \u0219i st\u0103 nemi\u0219cat pentru a privi &#8220;inamicul&#8221; drept \u00een ochi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La alte animale domestice, precum <strong>c\u00e2inii \u0219i pisicile<\/strong>, <strong>ochii sunt pozi\u021biona\u021bi mai frontal<\/strong>, ceea ce le confer\u0103 o viziune binocular\u0103 mai bun\u0103 pentru estimarea distan\u021belor, dar un c\u00e2mp vizual mai restr\u00e2ns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Diferen\u021be \u00een percep\u021bia culorilor<strong> <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"704\" height=\"372\" src=\"https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Viziunea-calului-culori-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9825\" srcset=\"https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Viziunea-calului-culori-2.jpg 704w, https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Viziunea-calului-culori-2-300x159.jpg 300w, https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Viziunea-calului-culori-2-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 704px) 100vw, 704px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Caii au o percep\u021bie a culorilor diminuat\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de cea uman\u0103, spectrul lor de culori fiind mai \u00eengust. Ei <strong>sunt dicroma\u021bi. <\/strong>Aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 au doar <strong>dou\u0103 tipuri de celule responsabile pentru percep\u021bia culorilor <\/strong>(fa\u021b\u0103 de oameni, care au <strong>trei tipuri <\/strong>diferite de receptori de culoare).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Galbenul \u0219i albastrul <\/strong>sunt cele dou\u0103 culori pe care caii le disting cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103. Pentru cal, <strong>albul este luminos<\/strong>, iar portocaliul este la fel cu galbenul. Vederea cailor este deficitar\u0103<strong> pe spectrul ro\u0219u<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Ochii cailor v\u0103d \u00een \u00eentuneric?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"717\" src=\"https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ochii-cailor-21-1024x717.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9761\" srcset=\"https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ochii-cailor-21-1024x717.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ochii-cailor-21-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ochii-cailor-21-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/equester.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ochii-cailor-21.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dimensiunea ochilor cailor, precum \u0219i aptitudinea de a intensifica lumina fac ca <strong>vederea lor nocturn\u0103 s\u0103 fie mult mai bun\u0103 dec\u00e2t cea uman\u0103.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ca \u0219i pisica, calul dispune de<em> tapetum lucidum<\/em>, adic\u0103 un strat de <strong>celule reflectorizante <\/strong>ce reflect\u0103 lumina, \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bind vederea nocturn\u0103. De aceea, caii s\u0103lbatici continu\u0103 p\u0103\u0219unatul \u0219i noaptea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cu toate acestea, calul are <strong>o fric\u0103 \u00eenn\u0103scut\u0103 de \u00eentuneric. <\/strong>S-a demonstrat c\u0103 acei cai \u021binu\u021bi \u00een boxe \u00eentunecate \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 s\u0103 aprind\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 sting\u0103 singuri lumina, prin condi\u021bionare clasic\u0103, ultima ac\u021bionare fiind pentru &#8220;ON&#8221;. Acest lucru a demonstrat preferin\u021ba lor pentru un cadru luminos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Caii \u00eel v\u0103d pe om la dimensiunea lui real\u0103?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Da, caii pot vedea oamenii la dimensiunea lor real\u0103<\/strong>.  Datorit\u0103 viziunii lor binoculare \u0219i monoculare, <strong>caii pot percepe ad\u00e2ncimea \u0219i distan\u021ba<\/strong>. Acest fapt le permite s\u0103 estimeze dimensiunea obiectelor sau fiin\u021belor din mediul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor.<br>Totodat\u0103, percep\u021bia dimensiunii unui obiect sau a unei fiin\u021be poate fi influen\u021bat\u0103 de factori precum:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>contextul vizual, mi\u0219carea, luminozitatea, contrastul \u0219i experien\u021bele anterioare <\/strong>ale calului cu obiecte de dimensiuni similare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Concluzie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How the Horse Sees the World\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/KPbDEC3B8iM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen concluzie, prin ochii cailor, lumea este un spa\u021biu vast, <strong>perceput \u00eentr-o gam\u0103 limitat\u0103 de culori. <\/strong>Cu toate acestea, caii au o sensibilitate accentuat\u0103 la mi\u0219care \u0219i <strong>o capacitate excelent\u0103 de a detecta pericolele din aproape orice direc\u021bie. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ochii lor se afl\u0103 mereu \u00eentr-un echilibru \u00eentre a vedea detaliile direct \u00een fa\u021ba lor \u0219i a fi con\u0219tien\u021bi de mediul larg \u0219i dinamic \u00een care se afl\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Bibliografie: Alexandru Iavorovski &#8211; &#8220;Psihologia Calului &#8211; Gramatica echita\u021biei &#8211; IV&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/equester_riding_club\/\">ALTE CURIOZIT\u0102\u021aI DESPRE CAI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/equester.ro\/en\/auzul-cailor-de-ce-se-spune-despre-cai-ca-ne-pot-simti-frica\/\">AUZUL cailor: De ce se spune, despre cai, c\u0103 ne pot sim\u021bi frica?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/equester.ro\/en\/sa-invatam-limbajul-corporal-al-calului\/\">Learning the horse's body language<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/equester.ro\/en\/de-ce-botul-calului-este-moale-si-catifelat\/\">Horse curiosities: Why is a horse's muzzle soft and velvety?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/equester.ro\/en\/top-10-cele-mai-amuzante-momente-din-timpul-concursurilor-de-sarituri-peste-obstacole\/\">TOP 10 funniest moments during show jumping competitions<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Viziunea cailor este destul de diferit\u0103 de cea a oamenilor, datorit\u0103 anatomiei unice a ochilor lor \u0219i modului \u00een care sunt pozi\u021biona\u021bi ace\u0219tia \u00een zona capului. Iat\u0103 c\u00e2teva aspecte-cheie care ne ajut\u0103 s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem cum v\u0103d caii lumea din jurul lor. 1. Ochii cailor, dintre cei mai mari Caii se num\u0103r\u0103 printre mamiferele terestre care&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9762,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[212,162,209,210,166,167,107,213,169,112,211],"class_list":["post-9736","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-activitatile-clubului","tag-cai-pentru-copii","tag-calarie-copii","tag-centru-de-echitatie-iasi","tag-cursuri-de-echitatie-iasi","tag-echitatie-copii","tag-echitatie-iasi","tag-equester","tag-lectii-calarie-iasi","tag-lectii-de-calarie","tag-limbajul-cailor","tag-scoala-de-echitatie-iasi"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Cum se vede lumea prin ochii cailor? - Equester<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Caii se num\u0103r\u0103 printre animalele care au ochii cei mai mari. 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Iat\u0103 c\u00e2teva aspecte-cheie care ne ajut\u0103 s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem cum v\u0103d caii lumea din jurul lor. 1. Ochii cailor, dintre cei mai mari Caii se num\u0103r\u0103 printre mamiferele terestre care...","category_list":"<a href=\"https:\/\/equester.ro\/en\/category\/activitatile-clubului\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Activit\u0103\u021bile Clubului<\/a>","comments_num":"0 comments","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/equester.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9736","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/equester.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/equester.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/equester.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/equester.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9736"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/equester.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9736\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/equester.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9762"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/equester.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9736"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/equester.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9736"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/equester.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9736"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}